diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-special.yml b/.github/workflows/build-special.yml
index c1d321cf9..b4e8fc842 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-special.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-special.yml
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ jobs:
         if: runner.os == 'Linux'
         uses: pierotofy/set-swap-space@master
         with:
-          swap-size-gb: 12
+          swap-size-gb: 8
 
       - name: Build & Test
         run: |
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteBayesNet.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteBayesNet.cpp
index ddfb64a5f..11876c120 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteBayesNet.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteBayesNet.cpp
@@ -50,12 +50,13 @@ double DiscreteBayesNet::evaluate(const DiscreteValues& values) const {
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************* */
-DiscreteValues DiscreteBayesNet::sample() const {
+DiscreteValues DiscreteBayesNet::sample(std::mt19937_64* rng) const {
   DiscreteValues result;
-  return sample(result);
+  return sample(result, rng);
 }
 
-DiscreteValues DiscreteBayesNet::sample(DiscreteValues result) const {
+DiscreteValues DiscreteBayesNet::sample(DiscreteValues result,
+                                        std::mt19937_64* rng) const {
   // sample each node in turn in topological sort order (parents first)
   for (auto it = std::make_reverse_iterator(end());
        it != std::make_reverse_iterator(begin()); ++it) {
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ DiscreteValues DiscreteBayesNet::sample(DiscreteValues result) const {
     // Sample the conditional only if value for j not already in result
     const Key j = conditional->firstFrontalKey();
     if (result.count(j) == 0) {
-      conditional->sampleInPlace(&result);
+      conditional->sampleInPlace(&result, rng);
     }
   }
   return result;
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteBayesNet.h b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteBayesNet.h
index e15576b37..01c9c004c 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteBayesNet.h
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteBayesNet.h
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT DiscreteBayesNet: public BayesNet<DiscreteConditional> {
      *
      * @return a sampled value for all variables.
      */
-    DiscreteValues sample() const;
+    DiscreteValues sample(std::mt19937_64* rng = nullptr) const;
 
     /**
      * @brief do ancestral sampling, given certain variables.
@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT DiscreteBayesNet: public BayesNet<DiscreteConditional> {
      *
      * @return given values extended with sampled value for all other variables.
      */
-    DiscreteValues sample(DiscreteValues given) const;
+    DiscreteValues sample(DiscreteValues given,
+                          std::mt19937_64* rng = nullptr) const;
 
     /**
      * @brief Prune the Bayes net
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.cpp
index 9a3b6cf46..959f3f2ce 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.cpp
@@ -268,7 +268,8 @@ size_t DiscreteConditional::argmax(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues) const {
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************** */
-void DiscreteConditional::sampleInPlace(DiscreteValues* values) const {
+void DiscreteConditional::sampleInPlace(DiscreteValues* values,
+                                        std::mt19937_64* rng) const {
   // throw if more than one frontal:
   if (nrFrontals() != 1) {
     throw std::invalid_argument(
@@ -281,14 +282,13 @@ void DiscreteConditional::sampleInPlace(DiscreteValues* values) const {
     throw std::invalid_argument(
         "DiscreteConditional::sampleInPlace: values already contains j");
   }
-  size_t sampled = sample(*values);  // Sample variable given parents
-  (*values)[j] = sampled;            // store result in partial solution
+  size_t sampled = sample(*values, rng);  // Sample variable given parents
+  (*values)[j] = sampled;                 // store result in partial solution
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************** */
-size_t DiscreteConditional::sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues) const {
-  static mt19937 rng(2);  // random number generator
-
+size_t DiscreteConditional::sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues,
+                                   std::mt19937_64* rng) const {
   // Get the correct conditional distribution
   ADT pFS = choose(parentsValues, true);  // P(F|S=parentsValues)
 
@@ -309,28 +309,33 @@ size_t DiscreteConditional::sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues) const {
       return value;  // shortcut exit
     }
   }
+
+  // Check if rng is nullptr, then assign default
+  rng = (rng == nullptr) ? &kRandomNumberGenerator : rng;
+
   std::discrete_distribution<size_t> distribution(p.begin(), p.end());
-  return distribution(rng);
+  return distribution(*rng);
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************** */
-size_t DiscreteConditional::sample(size_t parent_value) const {
+size_t DiscreteConditional::sample(size_t parent_value,
+                                   std::mt19937_64* rng) const {
   if (nrParents() != 1)
     throw std::invalid_argument(
         "Single value sample() can only be invoked on single-parent "
         "conditional");
   DiscreteValues values;
   values.emplace(keys_.back(), parent_value);
-  return sample(values);
+  return sample(values, rng);
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************** */
-size_t DiscreteConditional::sample() const {
+size_t DiscreteConditional::sample(std::mt19937_64* rng) const {
   if (nrParents() != 0)
     throw std::invalid_argument(
         "sample() can only be invoked on no-parent prior");
   DiscreteValues values;
-  return sample(values);
+  return sample(values, rng);
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************* */
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.h b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.h
index c22fcdf85..00bfadd14 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.h
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.h
@@ -23,9 +23,13 @@
 #include <gtsam/inference/Conditional-inst.h>
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <random>  // for std::mt19937_64
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+// In wrappers we can access std::mt19937_64 via gtsam.MT19937
+static std::mt19937_64 kRandomNumberGenerator(42);
+
 namespace gtsam {
 
 /**
@@ -195,17 +199,29 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT DiscreteConditional
   DecisionTreeFactor::shared_ptr likelihood(size_t frontal) const;
 
   /**
-   * sample
+   * Sample from conditional, given missing variables
+   * Example:
+   *   std::mt19937_64 rng(42);
+   *   DiscreteValues given = ...;
+   *   size_t sample = dc.sample(given, &rng);
+   *
    * @param parentsValues Known values of the parents
+   * @param rng Pseudo-Random Number Generator.
    * @return sample from conditional
    */
-  virtual size_t sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues) const;
+  virtual size_t sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues,
+                        std::mt19937_64* rng = nullptr) const;
 
   /// Single parent version.
-  size_t sample(size_t parent_value) const;
+  size_t sample(size_t parent_value, std::mt19937_64* rng = nullptr) const;
 
-  /// Zero parent version.
-  size_t sample() const;
+  /**
+   * Sample from conditional, zero parent version
+   * Example:
+   *   std::mt19937_64 rng(42);
+   *   auto sample = dc.sample(&rng);
+   */
+  size_t sample(std::mt19937_64* rng = nullptr) const;
 
   /**
    * @brief Return assignment for single frontal variable that maximizes value.
@@ -227,8 +243,9 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT DiscreteConditional
   /// @name Advanced Interface
   /// @{
 
-  /// sample in place, stores result in partial solution
-  void sampleInPlace(DiscreteValues* parentsValues) const;
+  /// Sample in place with optional PRNG, stores result in partial solution
+  void sampleInPlace(DiscreteValues* parentsValues,
+                     std::mt19937_64* rng = nullptr) const;
 
   /// Return all assignments for frontal variables.
   std::vector<DiscreteValues> frontalAssignments() const;
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/TableDistribution.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/TableDistribution.cpp
index ce0d92bff..b5a9f2c14 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/TableDistribution.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/TableDistribution.cpp
@@ -144,9 +144,8 @@ void TableDistribution::prune(size_t maxNrAssignments) {
 }
 
 /* ****************************************************************************/
-size_t TableDistribution::sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues) const {
-  static mt19937 rng(2);  // random number generator
-
+size_t TableDistribution::sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues,
+                                 std::mt19937_64* rng) const {
   DiscreteKeys parentsKeys;
   for (auto&& [key, _] : parentsValues) {
     parentsKeys.push_back({key, table_.cardinality(key)});
@@ -172,8 +171,12 @@ size_t TableDistribution::sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues) const {
       return value;  // shortcut exit
     }
   }
+
+  // Check if rng is nullptr, then assign default
+  rng = (rng == nullptr) ? &kRandomNumberGenerator : rng;
+
   std::discrete_distribution<size_t> distribution(p.begin(), p.end());
-  return distribution(rng);
+  return distribution(*rng);
 }
 
 }  // namespace gtsam
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/TableDistribution.h b/gtsam/discrete/TableDistribution.h
index 8e28bed5f..bd959d135 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/TableDistribution.h
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/TableDistribution.h
@@ -125,7 +125,6 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT TableDistribution : public DiscreteConditional {
   /// Create new factor by maximizing over all values with the same separator.
   DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max(const Ordering& keys) const override;
 
-
   /// Multiply by scalar s
   DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr operator*(double s) const override;
 
@@ -143,9 +142,11 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT TableDistribution : public DiscreteConditional {
   /**
    * sample
    * @param parentsValues Known values of the parents
+   * @param rng Pseudo random number generator
    * @return sample from conditional
    */
-  virtual size_t sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues) const override;
+  virtual size_t sample(const DiscreteValues& parentsValues,
+                        std::mt19937_64* rng = nullptr) const override;
 
   /// @}
   /// @name Advanced Interface
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/discrete.i b/gtsam/discrete/discrete.i
index 27f1fdfa1..54d00f82a 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/discrete.i
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/discrete.i
@@ -138,10 +138,13 @@ virtual class DiscreteConditional : gtsam::DecisionTreeFactor {
   gtsam::DecisionTreeFactor* likelihood(
       const gtsam::DiscreteValues& frontalValues) const;
   gtsam::DecisionTreeFactor* likelihood(size_t value) const;
-  size_t sample(const gtsam::DiscreteValues& parentsValues) const;
-  size_t sample(size_t value) const;
-  size_t sample() const;
-  void sampleInPlace(gtsam::DiscreteValues @parentsValues) const;
+  size_t sample(const gtsam::DiscreteValues& parentsValues,
+                std::mt19937_64 @rng = nullptr) const;
+  size_t sample(size_t value,
+                std::mt19937_64 @rng = nullptr) const;
+  size_t sample(std::mt19937_64 @rng = nullptr) const;
+  void sampleInPlace(gtsam::DiscreteValues @parentsValues,
+                     std::mt19937_64 @rng = nullptr) const;
   size_t argmax(const gtsam::DiscreteValues& parentsValues) const;
 
   // Markdown and HTML
@@ -233,8 +236,11 @@ class DiscreteBayesNet {
   double evaluate(const gtsam::DiscreteValues& values) const;
   double operator()(const gtsam::DiscreteValues& values) const;
 
-  gtsam::DiscreteValues sample() const;
-  gtsam::DiscreteValues sample(gtsam::DiscreteValues given) const;
+  gtsam::DiscreteValues sample(std::mt19937_64
+                               @rng = nullptr) const;
+  gtsam::DiscreteValues sample(gtsam::DiscreteValues given,
+                               std::mt19937_64
+                               @rng = nullptr) const;
 
   string dot(
       const gtsam::KeyFormatter& keyFormatter = gtsam::DefaultKeyFormatter,
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteBayesNet.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteBayesNet.cpp
index dd5d218f8..61e3a2820 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteBayesNet.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteBayesNet.cpp
@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ TEST(DiscreteBayesNet, Asia) {
 
   // now sample from it
   DiscreteValues expectedSample{{Asia.first, 1},       {Dyspnea.first, 1},
-                                {XRay.first, 1},       {Tuberculosis.first, 0},
-                                {Smoking.first, 1},    {Either.first, 1},
-                                {LungCancer.first, 1}, {Bronchitis.first, 0}};
+                                {XRay.first, 0},       {Tuberculosis.first, 0},
+                                {Smoking.first, 1},    {Either.first, 0},
+                                {LungCancer.first, 0}, {Bronchitis.first, 1}};
   SETDEBUG("DiscreteConditional::sample", false);
   auto actualSample = chordal2->sample();
   EXPECT(assert_equal(expectedSample, actualSample));
diff --git a/gtsam/hybrid/HybridBayesNet.cpp b/gtsam/hybrid/HybridBayesNet.cpp
index 5bb0723d2..3445ae2da 100644
--- a/gtsam/hybrid/HybridBayesNet.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/hybrid/HybridBayesNet.cpp
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
-// In Wrappers we have no access to this so have a default ready
-static std::mt19937_64 kRandomNumberGenerator(42);
-
 namespace gtsam {
 
 /* ************************************************************************* */
@@ -191,7 +188,7 @@ HybridValues HybridBayesNet::sample(const HybridValues &given,
     }
   }
   // Sample a discrete assignment.
-  const DiscreteValues assignment = dbn.sample(given.discrete());
+  const DiscreteValues assignment = dbn.sample(given.discrete(), rng);
   // Select the continuous Bayes net corresponding to the assignment.
   GaussianBayesNet gbn = choose(assignment);
   // Sample from the Gaussian Bayes net.
diff --git a/gtsam/hybrid/hybrid.i b/gtsam/hybrid/hybrid.i
index d308573f1..bbee89733 100644
--- a/gtsam/hybrid/hybrid.i
+++ b/gtsam/hybrid/hybrid.i
@@ -158,6 +158,8 @@ class HybridBayesNet {
   gtsam::HybridValues optimize() const;
   gtsam::VectorValues optimize(const gtsam::DiscreteValues& assignment) const;
 
+  gtsam::HybridValues sample(const gtsam::HybridValues& given, std::mt19937_64@ rng) const;
+  gtsam::HybridValues sample(std::mt19937_64@ rng) const;
   gtsam::HybridValues sample(const gtsam::HybridValues& given) const;
   gtsam::HybridValues sample() const;
 
diff --git a/gtsam/hybrid/tests/testHybridBayesNet.cpp b/gtsam/hybrid/tests/testHybridBayesNet.cpp
index 3ddad23ff..40620f13a 100644
--- a/gtsam/hybrid/tests/testHybridBayesNet.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/hybrid/tests/testHybridBayesNet.cpp
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ TEST(HybridBayesNet, EvaluatePureDiscrete) {
 
   // sample
   std::mt19937_64 rng(42);
-  EXPECT(assert_equal(zero, bayesNet.sample(&rng)));
+  EXPECT(assert_equal(one, bayesNet.sample(&rng)));
   EXPECT(assert_equal(one, bayesNet.sample(one, &rng)));
   EXPECT(assert_equal(zero, bayesNet.sample(zero, &rng)));
 
@@ -616,16 +616,16 @@ TEST(HybridBayesNet, Sampling) {
   double discrete_sum =
       std::accumulate(discrete_samples.begin(), discrete_samples.end(),
                       decltype(discrete_samples)::value_type(0));
-  EXPECT_DOUBLES_EQUAL(0.477, discrete_sum / num_samples, 1e-9);
+  EXPECT_DOUBLES_EQUAL(0.519, discrete_sum / num_samples, 1e-9);
 
   VectorValues expected;
   // regression for specific RNG seed
 #if __APPLE__ || _WIN32
-  expected.insert({X(0), Vector1(-0.0131207162712)});
-  expected.insert({X(1), Vector1(-0.499026377568)});
+  expected.insert({X(0), Vector1(0.0252479903896)});
+  expected.insert({X(1), Vector1(-0.513637101911)});
 #elif __linux__
-  expected.insert({X(0), Vector1(-0.00799425182219)});
-  expected.insert({X(1), Vector1(-0.526463854268)});
+  expected.insert({X(0), Vector1(0.0165089744897)});
+  expected.insert({X(1), Vector1(-0.454323399979)});
 #endif
 
   EXPECT(assert_equal(expected, average_continuous.scale(1.0 / num_samples)));
diff --git a/gtsam/linear/GaussianConditional.cpp b/gtsam/linear/GaussianConditional.cpp
index 7735e5129..a77639c00 100644
--- a/gtsam/linear/GaussianConditional.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/linear/GaussianConditional.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <cmath>
 
-// In Wrappers we have no access to this so have a default ready
+// In wrappers we can access std::mt19937_64 via gtsam.MT19937
 static std::mt19937_64 kRandomNumberGenerator(42);
 
 using namespace std;
diff --git a/gtsam/linear/GaussianConditional.h b/gtsam/linear/GaussianConditional.h
index d71119d6a..f1e2a2684 100644
--- a/gtsam/linear/GaussianConditional.h
+++ b/gtsam/linear/GaussianConditional.h
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ namespace gtsam {
      * Sample from conditional, zero parent version
      * Example:
      *   std::mt19937_64 rng(42);
-     *   auto sample = gbn.sample(&rng);
+     *   auto sample = gc.sample(&rng);
      */
     VectorValues sample(std::mt19937_64* rng) const;
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ namespace gtsam {
      * Example:
      *   std::mt19937_64 rng(42);
      *   VectorValues given = ...;
-     *   auto sample = gbn.sample(given, &rng);
+     *   auto sample = gc.sample(given, &rng);
      */
     VectorValues sample(const VectorValues& parentsValues,
                         std::mt19937_64* rng) const;
diff --git a/gtsam/linear/linear.i b/gtsam/linear/linear.i
index 01a28511c..6ccac0902 100644
--- a/gtsam/linear/linear.i
+++ b/gtsam/linear/linear.i
@@ -559,9 +559,12 @@ virtual class GaussianConditional : gtsam::JacobianFactor {
   gtsam::JacobianFactor* likelihood(
       const gtsam::VectorValues& frontalValues) const;
   gtsam::JacobianFactor* likelihood(gtsam::Vector frontal) const;
-  gtsam::VectorValues sample(const gtsam::VectorValues& parents) const;
+
+  gtsam::VectorValues sample(std::mt19937_64@ rng) const;
+  gtsam::VectorValues sample(const gtsam::VectorValues& parents, std::mt19937_64@ rng) const;
   gtsam::VectorValues sample() const;
-  
+  gtsam::VectorValues sample(const gtsam::VectorValues& parents) const;
+
   // Advanced Interface
   gtsam::VectorValues solveOtherRHS(const gtsam::VectorValues& parents,
                                     const gtsam::VectorValues& rhs) const;
diff --git a/python/gtsam/specializations/gtsam.h b/python/gtsam/specializations/gtsam.h
index da8842eaf..d15a8fa11 100644
--- a/python/gtsam/specializations/gtsam.h
+++ b/python/gtsam/specializations/gtsam.h
@@ -10,3 +10,15 @@
  * with `PYBIND11_MAKE_OPAQUE` this allows the types to be modified with Python,
  * and saves one copy operation.
  */
+
+/*
+ * Custom Pybind11 module for the Mersenne-Twister PRNG object
+ * `std::mt19937_64`.
+ * This can be invoked with `gtsam.MT19937()` and passed
+ * wherever a rng pointer is expected.
+ */
+#include <random>
+py::class_<std::mt19937_64>(m_, "MT19937")
+    .def(py::init<>())
+    .def(py::init<std::mt19937_64::result_type>())
+    .def("__call__", &std::mt19937_64::operator());
diff --git a/python/gtsam/tests/test_DiscreteBayesNet.py b/python/gtsam/tests/test_DiscreteBayesNet.py
index 36bed816d..861d6dc49 100644
--- a/python/gtsam/tests/test_DiscreteBayesNet.py
+++ b/python/gtsam/tests/test_DiscreteBayesNet.py
@@ -33,6 +33,41 @@ XRay = (2, 2)
 Dyspnea = (1, 2)
 
 
+class TestDiscreteConditional(GtsamTestCase):
+    """Tests for Discrete Conditional"""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.key = (0, 2)
+        self.parent = (1, 2)
+        self.parents = DiscreteKeys()
+        self.parents.push_back(self.parent)
+
+    def test_sample(self):
+        """Tests to check sampling in DiscreteConditionals"""
+        rng = gtsam.MT19937(11)
+        niters = 1000
+
+        # Sample with only 1 variable
+        conditional = DiscreteConditional(self.key, "7/3")
+        # Sample multiple times and average to get mean
+        p = 0
+        for _ in range(niters):
+            p += conditional.sample(rng)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p / niters, 0.3, 1)
+
+        # Sample with variable and parent
+        conditional = DiscreteConditional(self.key, self.parents, "7/3 2/8")
+        # Sample multiple times and average to get mean
+        p = 0
+        parentValues = gtsam.DiscreteValues()
+        parentValues[self.parent[0]] = 1
+        for _ in range(niters):
+            p += conditional.sample(parentValues, rng)
+
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(p / niters, 0.8, 1)
+
+
 class TestDiscreteBayesNet(GtsamTestCase):
     """Tests for Discrete Bayes Nets."""
 
@@ -85,10 +120,12 @@ class TestDiscreteBayesNet(GtsamTestCase):
         # solve
         actualMPE = fg.optimize()
         expectedMPE = DiscreteValues()
-        for key in [Asia, Dyspnea, XRay, Tuberculosis, Smoking, Either, LungCancer, Bronchitis]:
+        for key in [
+                Asia, Dyspnea, XRay, Tuberculosis, Smoking, Either, LungCancer,
+                Bronchitis
+        ]:
             expectedMPE[key[0]] = 0
-        self.assertEqual(list(actualMPE.items()),
-                         list(expectedMPE.items()))
+        self.assertEqual(list(actualMPE.items()), list(expectedMPE.items()))
 
         # Check value for MPE is the same
         self.assertAlmostEqual(asia(actualMPE), fg(actualMPE))
@@ -104,8 +141,7 @@ class TestDiscreteBayesNet(GtsamTestCase):
             expectedMPE2[key[0]] = 0
         for key in [Asia, Dyspnea, Smoking, Bronchitis]:
             expectedMPE2[key[0]] = 1
-        self.assertEqual(list(actualMPE2.items()),
-                         list(expectedMPE2.items()))
+        self.assertEqual(list(actualMPE2.items()), list(expectedMPE2.items()))
 
         # now sample from it
         chordal2 = fg.eliminateSequential(ordering)
@@ -135,8 +171,9 @@ class TestDiscreteBayesNet(GtsamTestCase):
         # self.assertEqual(len(values), 5)
 
         for i in [0, 1, 2]:
-            self.assertAlmostEqual(fragment.at(i).logProbability(values),
-                                   math.log(fragment.at(i).evaluate(values)))
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(
+                fragment.at(i).logProbability(values),
+                math.log(fragment.at(i).evaluate(values)))
         self.assertAlmostEqual(fragment.logProbability(values),
                                math.log(fragment.evaluate(values)))
         actual = fragment.sample(given)
diff --git a/python/gtsam/tests/test_GaussianBayesNet.py b/python/gtsam/tests/test_GaussianBayesNet.py
index 05522441b..31ec1c3bc 100644
--- a/python/gtsam/tests/test_GaussianBayesNet.py
+++ b/python/gtsam/tests/test_GaussianBayesNet.py
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@ _x_ = 11
 _y_ = 22
 _z_ = 33
 
+I_1x1 = np.eye(1, dtype=float)
+
 
 def smallBayesNet():
     """Create a small Bayes Net for testing"""
     bayesNet = GaussianBayesNet()
-    I_1x1 = np.eye(1, dtype=float)
     bayesNet.push_back(GaussianConditional(_x_, [9.0], I_1x1, _y_, I_1x1))
     bayesNet.push_back(GaussianConditional(_y_, [5.0], I_1x1))
     return bayesNet
@@ -51,8 +52,9 @@ class TestGaussianBayesNet(GtsamTestCase):
         values.insert(_x_, np.array([9.0]))
         values.insert(_y_, np.array([5.0]))
         for i in [0, 1]:
-            self.assertAlmostEqual(bayesNet.at(i).logProbability(values),
-                                   np.log(bayesNet.at(i).evaluate(values)))
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(
+                bayesNet.at(i).logProbability(values),
+                np.log(bayesNet.at(i).evaluate(values)))
         self.assertAlmostEqual(bayesNet.logProbability(values),
                                np.log(bayesNet.evaluate(values)))
 
@@ -66,6 +68,16 @@ class TestGaussianBayesNet(GtsamTestCase):
         mean = bayesNet.optimize()
         self.gtsamAssertEquals(sample, mean, tol=3.0)
 
+        # Sample with rng
+        rng = gtsam.MT19937(42)
+        conditional = GaussianConditional(_x_, [9.0], I_1x1)
+        # Sample multiple times and average to get mean
+        val = 0
+        niters = 10000
+        for _ in range(niters):
+            val += conditional.sample(rng).at(_x_).item()
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(val / niters, 9.0, 1)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/python/gtsam/tests/test_HybridFactorGraph.py b/python/gtsam/tests/test_HybridFactorGraph.py
index 6edab3449..8650cdcb6 100644
--- a/python/gtsam/tests/test_HybridFactorGraph.py
+++ b/python/gtsam/tests/test_HybridFactorGraph.py
@@ -287,8 +287,8 @@ class TestHybridGaussianFactorGraph(GtsamTestCase):
             print(f"P(mode=1; Z) = {marginals[1]}")
 
         # Check that the estimate is close to the true value.
-        self.assertAlmostEqual(marginals[0], 0.23, delta=0.01)
-        self.assertAlmostEqual(marginals[1], 0.77, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(marginals[0], 0.219, delta=0.01)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(marginals[1], 0.781, delta=0.01)
 
         # Convert to factor graph using measurements.
         fg = bayesNet.toFactorGraph(measurements)