diff --git a/gtsam/nonlinear/Expression-inl.h b/gtsam/nonlinear/Expression-inl.h
index 174fc31a6..5e262977a 100644
--- a/gtsam/nonlinear/Expression-inl.h
+++ b/gtsam/nonlinear/Expression-inl.h
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ struct FunctionalNode {
 template<class T, class A1>
 class UnaryExpression: public ExpressionNode<T> {
 
-  typedef typename UnaryFunction<T,A1>::type Function;
+  typedef typename Expression<T>::template UnaryFunction<A1>::type Function;
   Function function_;
   boost::shared_ptr<ExpressionNode<A1> > expression1_;
 
@@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
 
-  typedef typename BinaryFunction<T,A1,A2>::type Function;
+  typedef typename Expression<T>::template BinaryFunction<A1,A2>::type Function;
   Function function_;
 
   /// Constructor with a ternary function f, and three input arguments
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ class TernaryExpression: public FunctionalNode<T, boost::mpl::vector<A1, A2, A3>
 
 private:
 
-  typedef typename TernaryFunction<T,A1,A2,A3>::type Function;
+  typedef typename Expression<T>::template TernaryFunction<A1,A2,A3>::type Function;
   Function function_;
 
   /// Constructor with a ternary function f, and three input arguments
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ Expression<T>::Expression(const Expression<A>& expression,
 /// Construct a unary function expression
 template<typename T>
 template<typename A>
-Expression<T>::Expression(typename UnaryFunction<T, A>::type function,
+Expression<T>::Expression(typename UnaryFunction<A>::type function,
     const Expression<A>& expression) :
     root_(new UnaryExpression<T, A>(function, expression)) {
 }
@@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ Expression<T>::Expression(const Expression<A1>& expression1,
 /// Construct a binary function expression
 template<typename T>
 template<typename A1, typename A2>
-Expression<T>::Expression(typename BinaryFunction<T, A1, A2>::type function,
+Expression<T>::Expression(typename BinaryFunction<A1, A2>::type function,
     const Expression<A1>& expression1, const Expression<A2>& expression2) :
     root_(new BinaryExpression<T, A1, A2>(function, expression1, expression2)) {
 }
@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ Expression<T>::Expression(const Expression<A1>& expression1,
 template<typename T>
 template<typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
 Expression<T>::Expression(
-    typename TernaryFunction<T, A1, A2, A3>::type function,
+    typename TernaryFunction<A1, A2, A3>::type function,
     const Expression<A1>& expression1, const Expression<A2>& expression2,
     const Expression<A3>& expression3) :
     root_(
diff --git a/gtsam/nonlinear/Expression.h b/gtsam/nonlinear/Expression.h
index c400fbe12..df575dbbf 100644
--- a/gtsam/nonlinear/Expression.h
+++ b/gtsam/nonlinear/Expression.h
@@ -43,30 +43,6 @@ template<typename T> class ExpressionFactor;
 // For clarity, it is forward declared here but implemented at the end of this header.
 class JacobianMap;
 
-// Expressions wrap trees of functions that can evaluate their own derivatives.
-// The meta-functions below provide a handy to specify the type of those functions
-template<class T, class A1>
-struct UnaryFunction {
-  typedef boost::function<
-      T(const A1&, typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A1>::type)> type;
-};
-
-template<class T, class A1, class A2>
-struct BinaryFunction {
-  typedef boost::function<
-      T(const A1&, const A2&, typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A1>::type,
-          typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A2>::type)> type;
-};
-
-template<class T, class A1, class A2, class A3>
-struct TernaryFunction {
-  typedef boost::function<
-      T(const A1&, const A2&, const A3&,
-          typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A1>::type,
-          typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A2>::type,
-          typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A3>::type)> type;
-};
-
 /// Storage type for the execution trace.
 /// It enforces the proper alignment in a portable way.
 /// Provide a traceSize() sized array of this type to traceExecution as traceStorage.
@@ -91,6 +67,30 @@ private:
 
 public:
 
+  // Expressions wrap trees of functions that can evaluate their own derivatives.
+  // The meta-functions below provide a handy to specify the type of those functions
+  template<class A1>
+  struct UnaryFunction {
+    typedef boost::function<
+        T(const A1&, typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A1>::type)> type;
+  };
+
+  template<class A1, class A2>
+  struct BinaryFunction {
+    typedef boost::function<
+        T(const A1&, const A2&, typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A1>::type,
+            typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A2>::type)> type;
+  };
+
+  template<class A1, class A2, class A3>
+  struct TernaryFunction {
+    typedef boost::function<
+        T(const A1&, const A2&, const A3&,
+            typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A1>::type,
+            typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A2>::type,
+            typename MakeOptionalJacobian<T, A3>::type)> type;
+  };
+
   /// Print
   void print(const std::string& s) const;
 
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public:
 
   /// Construct a unary function expression
   template<typename A>
-  Expression(typename UnaryFunction<T, A>::type function,
+  Expression(typename UnaryFunction<A>::type function,
       const Expression<A>& expression);
 
   /// Construct a unary method expression
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public:
 
   /// Construct a binary function expression
   template<typename A1, typename A2>
-  Expression(typename BinaryFunction<T, A1, A2>::type function,
+  Expression(typename BinaryFunction<A1, A2>::type function,
       const Expression<A1>& expression1, const Expression<A2>& expression2);
 
   /// Construct a binary method expression
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ public:
 
   /// Construct a ternary function expression
   template<typename A1, typename A2, typename A3>
-  Expression(typename TernaryFunction<T, A1, A2, A3>::type function,
+  Expression(typename TernaryFunction<A1, A2, A3>::type function,
       const Expression<A1>& expression1, const Expression<A2>& expression2,
       const Expression<A3>& expression3);
 
diff --git a/gtsam/nonlinear/tests/testExpressionFactor.cpp b/gtsam/nonlinear/tests/testExpressionFactor.cpp
index 94e32448c..900293261 100644
--- a/gtsam/nonlinear/tests/testExpressionFactor.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/nonlinear/tests/testExpressionFactor.cpp
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ TEST(ExpressionFactor, tree) {
   boost::shared_ptr<GaussianFactor> gf2 = f2.linearize(values);
   EXPECT( assert_equal(*expected, *gf2, 1e-9));
 
-  TernaryFunction<Point2, Pose3, Point3, Cal3_S2>::type fff = project6;
+  Expression<Point2>::TernaryFunction<Pose3, Point3, Cal3_S2>::type fff = project6;
 
   // Try ternary version
   ExpressionFactor<Point2> f3(model, measured, project3(x, p, K));