diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DecisionTreeFactor.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/DecisionTreeFactor.cpp
index ef7979d0a..19deccd78 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DecisionTreeFactor.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DecisionTreeFactor.cpp
@@ -87,6 +87,25 @@ namespace gtsam {
     return result;
   }
 
+  /* ************************************************************************ */
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr DecisionTreeFactor::operator/(
+      const DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr& f) const {
+    if (auto tf = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TableFactor>(f)) {
+      // Check if `f` is a TableFactor. If yes, then
+      // convert `this` to a TableFactor which is cheaper.
+      return std::make_shared<TableFactor>(tf->operator/(TableFactor(*this)));
+
+    } else if (auto dtf = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DecisionTreeFactor>(f)) {
+      // If `f` is a DecisionTreeFactor, divide normally.
+      return std::make_shared<DecisionTreeFactor>(this->operator/(*dtf));
+
+    } else {
+      // Else, convert `f` to a DecisionTreeFactor so we can divide
+      return std::make_shared<DecisionTreeFactor>(
+          this->operator/(f->toDecisionTreeFactor()));
+    }
+  }
+
   /* ************************************************************************ */
   double DecisionTreeFactor::safe_div(const double& a, const double& b) {
     // The use for safe_div is when we divide the product factor by the sum
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DecisionTreeFactor.h b/gtsam/discrete/DecisionTreeFactor.h
index ec1c2f8a2..4da5a7c17 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DecisionTreeFactor.h
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DecisionTreeFactor.h
@@ -184,26 +184,30 @@ namespace gtsam {
       return apply(f, safe_div);
     }
 
+    /// divide by DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr f (safely)
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr operator/(
+        const DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr& f) const override;
+
     /// Convert into a decision tree
     DecisionTreeFactor toDecisionTreeFactor() const override { return *this; }
 
     /// Create new factor by summing all values with the same separator values
-    shared_ptr sum(size_t nrFrontals) const {
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr sum(size_t nrFrontals) const override {
       return combine(nrFrontals, Ring::add);
     }
 
     /// Create new factor by summing all values with the same separator values
-    shared_ptr sum(const Ordering& keys) const {
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr sum(const Ordering& keys) const override {
       return combine(keys, Ring::add);
     }
 
     /// Create new factor by maximizing over all values with the same separator.
-    shared_ptr max(size_t nrFrontals) const {
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max(size_t nrFrontals) const override {
       return combine(nrFrontals, Ring::max);
     }
 
     /// Create new factor by maximizing over all values with the same separator.
-    shared_ptr max(const Ordering& keys) const {
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max(const Ordering& keys) const override {
       return combine(keys, Ring::max);
     }
 
@@ -284,6 +288,12 @@ namespace gtsam {
      */
     DecisionTreeFactor prune(size_t maxNrAssignments) const;
 
+    /**
+     * Get the number of non-zero values contained in this factor.
+     * It could be much smaller than `prod_{key}(cardinality(key))`.
+     */
+    uint64_t nrValues() const override { return nrLeaves(); }
+
     /// @}
     /// @name Wrapper support
     /// @{
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.cpp
index eeb5dca3f..19dcdc729 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.cpp
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
 #include <gtsam/hybrid/HybridValues.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cassert>
 #include <random>
 #include <set>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
-#include <cassert>
 
 using namespace std;
 using std::pair;
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ template class GTSAM_EXPORT
 
 /* ************************************************************************** */
 DiscreteConditional::DiscreteConditional(const size_t nrFrontals,
-                                         const DecisionTreeFactor& f)
-    : BaseFactor(f / (*f.sum(nrFrontals))), BaseConditional(nrFrontals) {}
+                                         const DiscreteFactor& f)
+    : BaseFactor((f / f.sum(nrFrontals))->toDecisionTreeFactor()),
+      BaseConditional(nrFrontals) {}
 
 /* ************************************************************************** */
 DiscreteConditional::DiscreteConditional(size_t nrFrontals,
@@ -150,11 +151,11 @@ void DiscreteConditional::print(const string& s,
 /* ************************************************************************** */
 bool DiscreteConditional::equals(const DiscreteFactor& other,
                                  double tol) const {
-  if (!dynamic_cast<const DecisionTreeFactor*>(&other)) {
+  if (!dynamic_cast<const BaseFactor*>(&other)) {
     return false;
   } else {
-    const DecisionTreeFactor& f(static_cast<const DecisionTreeFactor&>(other));
-    return DecisionTreeFactor::equals(f, tol);
+    const BaseFactor& f(static_cast<const BaseFactor&>(other));
+    return BaseFactor::equals(f, tol);
   }
 }
 
@@ -375,7 +376,7 @@ std::string DiscreteConditional::markdown(const KeyFormatter& keyFormatter,
   ss << "*\n" << std::endl;
   if (nrParents() == 0) {
     // We have no parents, call factor method.
-    ss << DecisionTreeFactor::markdown(keyFormatter, names);
+    ss << BaseFactor::markdown(keyFormatter, names);
     return ss.str();
   }
 
@@ -427,7 +428,7 @@ string DiscreteConditional::html(const KeyFormatter& keyFormatter,
   ss << "</i></p>\n";
   if (nrParents() == 0) {
     // We have no parents, call factor method.
-    ss << DecisionTreeFactor::html(keyFormatter, names);
+    ss << BaseFactor::html(keyFormatter, names);
     return ss.str();
   }
 
@@ -475,7 +476,7 @@ string DiscreteConditional::html(const KeyFormatter& keyFormatter,
 
 /* ************************************************************************* */
 double DiscreteConditional::evaluate(const HybridValues& x) const {
-  return this->evaluate(x.discrete());
+  return this->operator()(x.discrete());
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************* */
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.h b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.h
index 3ec9ae590..67f8a0056 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.h
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteConditional.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT DiscreteConditional
   DiscreteConditional() {}
 
   /// Construct from factor, taking the first `nFrontals` keys as frontals.
-  DiscreteConditional(size_t nFrontals, const DecisionTreeFactor& f);
+  DiscreteConditional(size_t nFrontals, const DiscreteFactor& f);
 
   /**
    * Construct from DiscreteKeys and AlgebraicDecisionTree, taking the first
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactor.h b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactor.h
index c18eaae2f..6cbc00d09 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactor.h
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactor.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <gtsam/discrete/AlgebraicDecisionTree.h>
 #include <gtsam/discrete/DiscreteValues.h>
 #include <gtsam/inference/Factor.h>
+#include <gtsam/inference/Ordering.h>
 
 #include <string>
 namespace gtsam {
@@ -139,8 +140,30 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT DiscreteFactor : public Factor {
   virtual DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr multiply(
       const DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr& df) const = 0;
 
+  /// divide by DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr f (safely)
+  virtual DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr operator/(
+      const DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr& df) const = 0;
+
   virtual DecisionTreeFactor toDecisionTreeFactor() const = 0;
 
+  /// Create new factor by summing all values with the same separator values
+  virtual DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr sum(size_t nrFrontals) const = 0;
+
+  /// Create new factor by summing all values with the same separator values
+  virtual DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr sum(const Ordering& keys) const = 0;
+
+  /// Create new factor by maximizing over all values with the same separator.
+  virtual DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max(size_t nrFrontals) const = 0;
+
+  /// Create new factor by maximizing over all values with the same separator.
+  virtual DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max(const Ordering& keys) const = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the number of non-zero values contained in this factor.
+   * It could be much smaller than `prod_{key}(cardinality(key))`.
+   */
+  virtual uint64_t nrValues() const = 0;
+
   /// @}
   /// @name Wrapper support
   /// @{
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactorGraph.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactorGraph.cpp
index a2b896286..eb3221819 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactorGraph.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactorGraph.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace gtsam {
   }
 
   /* ************************************************************************ */
-  DecisionTreeFactor DiscreteFactorGraph::product() const {
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr DiscreteFactorGraph::product() const {
     DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr result;
     for (auto it = this->begin(); it != this->end(); ++it) {
       if (*it) {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace gtsam {
         }
       }
     }
-    return result->toDecisionTreeFactor();
+    return result;
   }
 
   /* ************************************************************************ */
@@ -122,20 +122,20 @@ namespace gtsam {
    * @brief Multiply all the `factors`.
    *
    * @param factors The factors to multiply as a DiscreteFactorGraph.
-   * @return DecisionTreeFactor
+   * @return DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr
    */
-  static DecisionTreeFactor DiscreteProduct(
+  static DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr DiscreteProduct(
       const DiscreteFactorGraph& factors) {
     // PRODUCT: multiply all factors
     gttic(product);
-    DecisionTreeFactor product = factors.product();
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr product = factors.product();
     gttoc(product);
 
     // Max over all the potentials by pretending all keys are frontal:
-    auto denominator = product.max(product.size());
+    auto denominator = product->max(product->size());
 
     // Normalize the product factor to prevent underflow.
-    product = product / (*denominator);
+    product = product->operator/(denominator);
 
     return product;
   }
@@ -145,25 +145,25 @@ namespace gtsam {
   std::pair<DiscreteConditional::shared_ptr, DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr>  //
   EliminateForMPE(const DiscreteFactorGraph& factors,
                   const Ordering& frontalKeys) {
-    DecisionTreeFactor product = DiscreteProduct(factors);
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr product = DiscreteProduct(factors);
 
     // max out frontals, this is the factor on the separator
     gttic(max);
-    DecisionTreeFactor::shared_ptr max = product.max(frontalKeys);
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max = product->max(frontalKeys);
     gttoc(max);
 
     // Ordering keys for the conditional so that frontalKeys are really in front
     DiscreteKeys orderedKeys;
     for (auto&& key : frontalKeys)
-      orderedKeys.emplace_back(key, product.cardinality(key));
+      orderedKeys.emplace_back(key, product->cardinality(key));
     for (auto&& key : max->keys())
-      orderedKeys.emplace_back(key, product.cardinality(key));
+      orderedKeys.emplace_back(key, product->cardinality(key));
 
     // Make lookup with product
     gttic(lookup);
     size_t nrFrontals = frontalKeys.size();
-    auto lookup =
-        std::make_shared<DiscreteLookupTable>(nrFrontals, orderedKeys, product);
+    auto lookup = std::make_shared<DiscreteLookupTable>(
+        nrFrontals, orderedKeys, product->toDecisionTreeFactor());
     gttoc(lookup);
 
     return {std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DiscreteConditional>(lookup), max};
@@ -223,11 +223,11 @@ namespace gtsam {
   std::pair<DiscreteConditional::shared_ptr, DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr>  //
   EliminateDiscrete(const DiscreteFactorGraph& factors,
                     const Ordering& frontalKeys) {
-    DecisionTreeFactor product = DiscreteProduct(factors);
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr product = DiscreteProduct(factors);
 
     // sum out frontals, this is the factor on the separator
     gttic(sum);
-    DecisionTreeFactor::shared_ptr sum = product.sum(frontalKeys);
+    DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr sum = product->sum(frontalKeys);
     gttoc(sum);
 
     // Ordering keys for the conditional so that frontalKeys are really in front
@@ -239,8 +239,9 @@ namespace gtsam {
 
     // now divide product/sum to get conditional
     gttic(divide);
-    auto conditional =
-        std::make_shared<DiscreteConditional>(product, *sum, orderedKeys);
+    auto conditional = std::make_shared<DiscreteConditional>(
+        product->toDecisionTreeFactor(), sum->toDecisionTreeFactor(),
+        orderedKeys);
     gttoc(divide);
 
     return {conditional, sum};
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactorGraph.h b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactorGraph.h
index c57d2258c..3d9e86cd1 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactorGraph.h
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactorGraph.h
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT DiscreteFactorGraph
 
   /// @}
 
+  //TODO(Varun): Make compatible with TableFactor
   /** Add a decision-tree factor */
   template <typename... Args>
   void add(Args&&... args) {
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT DiscreteFactorGraph
   DiscreteKeys discreteKeys() const;
 
   /** return product of all factors as a single factor */
-  DecisionTreeFactor product() const;
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr product() const;
 
   /** 
    * Evaluates the factor graph given values, returns the joint probability of
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteLookupDAG.h b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteLookupDAG.h
index afb4d4208..1c0be2f06 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteLookupDAG.h
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/DiscreteLookupDAG.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <gtsam/discrete/DiscreteDistribution.h>
+#include <gtsam/discrete/TableFactor.h>
 #include <gtsam/inference/BayesNet.h>
 #include <gtsam/inference/FactorGraph.h>
 
@@ -54,6 +55,18 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT DiscreteLookupTable : public DiscreteConditional {
                       const ADT& potentials)
       : DiscreteConditional(nFrontals, keys, potentials) {}
 
+  /**
+   * @brief Construct a new Discrete Lookup Table object
+   *
+   * @param nFrontals number of frontal variables
+   * @param keys a sorted list of gtsam::Keys
+   * @param potentials Discrete potentials as a TableFactor.
+   */
+  DiscreteLookupTable(size_t nFrontals, const DiscreteKeys& keys,
+                      const TableFactor& potentials)
+      : DiscreteConditional(nFrontals, keys,
+                            potentials.toDecisionTreeFactor()) {}
+
   /// GTSAM-style print
   void print(
       const std::string& s = "Discrete Lookup Table: ",
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/TableFactor.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/TableFactor.cpp
index fe901aac1..d1cedc9ef 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/TableFactor.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/TableFactor.cpp
@@ -280,6 +280,20 @@ DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr TableFactor::multiply(
   return result;
 }
 
+/* ************************************************************************ */
+DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr TableFactor::operator/(
+    const DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr& f) const {
+  if (auto tf = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TableFactor>(f)) {
+    return std::make_shared<TableFactor>(this->operator/(*tf));
+  } else if (auto dtf = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DecisionTreeFactor>(f)) {
+    return std::make_shared<TableFactor>(
+        this->operator/(TableFactor(f->discreteKeys(), *dtf)));
+  } else {
+    TableFactor divisor(f->toDecisionTreeFactor());
+    return std::make_shared<TableFactor>(this->operator/(divisor));
+  }
+}
+
 /* ************************************************************************ */
 DecisionTreeFactor TableFactor::toDecisionTreeFactor() const {
   DiscreteKeys dkeys = discreteKeys();
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/TableFactor.h b/gtsam/discrete/TableFactor.h
index a2e89b302..5a804b6a6 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/TableFactor.h
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/TableFactor.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <gtsam/discrete/DecisionTreeFactor.h>
 #include <gtsam/discrete/DiscreteFactor.h>
 #include <gtsam/discrete/DiscreteKey.h>
 #include <gtsam/discrete/Ring.h>
@@ -202,6 +203,10 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT TableFactor : public DiscreteFactor {
     return apply(f, safe_div);
   }
 
+  /// divide by DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr f (safely)
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr operator/(
+      const DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr& f) const override;
+
   /// Convert into a decisiontree
   DecisionTreeFactor toDecisionTreeFactor() const override;
 
@@ -210,22 +215,22 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT TableFactor : public DiscreteFactor {
                      DiscreteKeys parent_keys) const;
 
   /// Create new factor by summing all values with the same separator values
-  shared_ptr sum(size_t nrFrontals) const {
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr sum(size_t nrFrontals) const override {
     return combine(nrFrontals, Ring::add);
   }
 
   /// Create new factor by summing all values with the same separator values
-  shared_ptr sum(const Ordering& keys) const {
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr sum(const Ordering& keys) const override {
     return combine(keys, Ring::add);
   }
 
   /// Create new factor by maximizing over all values with the same separator.
-  shared_ptr max(size_t nrFrontals) const {
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max(size_t nrFrontals) const override {
     return combine(nrFrontals, Ring::max);
   }
 
   /// Create new factor by maximizing over all values with the same separator.
-  shared_ptr max(const Ordering& keys) const {
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max(const Ordering& keys) const override {
     return combine(keys, Ring::max);
   }
 
@@ -330,6 +335,12 @@ class GTSAM_EXPORT TableFactor : public DiscreteFactor {
    */
   TableFactor prune(size_t maxNrAssignments) const;
 
+  /**
+   * Get the number of non-zero values contained in this factor.
+   * It could be much smaller than `prod_{key}(cardinality(key))`.
+   */
+  uint64_t nrValues() const override { return sparse_table_.nonZeros(); }
+
   /// @}
   /// @name Wrapper support
   /// @{
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDecisionTreeFactor.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDecisionTreeFactor.cpp
index ba8714783..ec9185ecb 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDecisionTreeFactor.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDecisionTreeFactor.cpp
@@ -138,15 +138,18 @@ TEST(DecisionTreeFactor, sum_max) {
   DecisionTreeFactor f1(v0 & v1, "1 2  3 4  5 6");
 
   DecisionTreeFactor expected(v1, "9 12");
-  DecisionTreeFactor::shared_ptr actual = f1.sum(1);
+  auto actual = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DecisionTreeFactor>(f1.sum(1));
+  CHECK(actual);
   CHECK(assert_equal(expected, *actual, 1e-5));
 
   DecisionTreeFactor expected2(v1, "5 6");
-  DecisionTreeFactor::shared_ptr actual2 = f1.max(1);
+  auto actual2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DecisionTreeFactor>(f1.max(1));
+  CHECK(actual2);
   CHECK(assert_equal(expected2, *actual2));
 
   DecisionTreeFactor f2(v1 & v0, "1 2  3 4  5 6");
-  DecisionTreeFactor::shared_ptr actual22 = f2.sum(1);
+  auto actual22 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DecisionTreeFactor>(f2.sum(1));
+  CHECK(actual22);
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************* */
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteConditional.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteConditional.cpp
index 2482a86a2..b91e1bd8a 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteConditional.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteConditional.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ TEST(DiscreteConditional, constructors) {
   DecisionTreeFactor f2(
       X & Y & Z, "0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.25 0.55 0.35 0.65 0.45 0.75");
   DiscreteConditional actual2(1, f2);
-  DecisionTreeFactor expected2 = f2 / *f2.sum(1);
+  DecisionTreeFactor expected2 = f2 / f2.sum(1)->toDecisionTreeFactor();
   EXPECT(assert_equal(expected2, static_cast<DecisionTreeFactor>(actual2)));
 
   std::vector<double> probs{0.2, 0.5, 0.3, 0.6, 0.4, 0.7, 0.25, 0.55, 0.35, 0.65, 0.45, 0.75};
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ TEST(DiscreteConditional, constructors_alt_interface) {
   DecisionTreeFactor f2(
       X & Y & Z, "0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.25 0.55 0.35 0.65 0.45 0.75");
   DiscreteConditional actual2(1, f2);
-  DecisionTreeFactor expected2 = f2 / *f2.sum(1);
+  DecisionTreeFactor expected2 = f2 / f2.sum(1)->toDecisionTreeFactor();
   EXPECT(assert_equal(expected2, static_cast<DecisionTreeFactor>(actual2)));
 }
 
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteFactorGraph.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteFactorGraph.cpp
index cbcf5234e..0c1dd7a2a 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteFactorGraph.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testDiscreteFactorGraph.cpp
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ TEST_UNSAFE( DiscreteFactorGraph, DiscreteFactorGraphEvaluationTest) {
   EXPECT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 1.944, graph(values), 1e-9);
 
   // Check if graph product works
-  DecisionTreeFactor product = graph.product();
+  DecisionTreeFactor product = graph.product()->toDecisionTreeFactor();
   EXPECT_DOUBLES_EQUAL( 1.944, product(values), 1e-9);
 }
 
@@ -117,9 +117,9 @@ TEST(DiscreteFactorGraph, test) {
       *std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DecisionTreeFactor>(newFactorPtr);
 
   // Normalize newFactor by max for comparison with expected
-  auto normalizer = newFactor.max(newFactor.size());
+  auto denominator = newFactor.max(newFactor.size())->toDecisionTreeFactor();
 
-  newFactor = newFactor / *normalizer;
+  newFactor = newFactor / denominator;
 
   // Check Conditional
   CHECK(conditional);
@@ -131,9 +131,10 @@ TEST(DiscreteFactorGraph, test) {
   CHECK(&newFactor);
   DecisionTreeFactor expectedFactor(B & A, "10 6 6 10");
   // Normalize by max.
-  normalizer = expectedFactor.max(expectedFactor.size());
-  // Ensure normalizer is correct.
-  expectedFactor = expectedFactor / *normalizer;
+  denominator =
+      expectedFactor.max(expectedFactor.size())->toDecisionTreeFactor();
+  // Ensure denominator is correct.
+  expectedFactor = expectedFactor / denominator;
   EXPECT(assert_equal(expectedFactor, newFactor));
 
   // Test using elimination tree
diff --git a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testTableFactor.cpp b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testTableFactor.cpp
index e6c71e15c..76a0f2b5c 100644
--- a/gtsam/discrete/tests/testTableFactor.cpp
+++ b/gtsam/discrete/tests/testTableFactor.cpp
@@ -194,15 +194,17 @@ TEST(TableFactor, Conversion) {
 TEST(TableFactor, Empty) {
   DiscreteKey X(1, 2);
 
-  TableFactor single = *TableFactor({X}, "1 1").sum(1);
+  auto single = TableFactor({X}, "1 1").sum(1);
   // Should not throw a segfault
-  EXPECT(assert_equal(*DecisionTreeFactor(X, "1 1").sum(1),
-                      single.toDecisionTreeFactor()));
+  auto expected_single = DecisionTreeFactor(X, "1 1").sum(1);
+  EXPECT(assert_equal(expected_single->toDecisionTreeFactor(),
+                      single->toDecisionTreeFactor()));
 
-  TableFactor empty = *TableFactor({X}, "0 0").sum(1);
+  auto empty = TableFactor({X}, "0 0").sum(1);
   // Should not throw a segfault
-  EXPECT(assert_equal(*DecisionTreeFactor(X, "0 0").sum(1),
-                      empty.toDecisionTreeFactor()));
+  auto expected_empty = DecisionTreeFactor(X, "0 0").sum(1);
+  EXPECT(assert_equal(expected_empty->toDecisionTreeFactor(),
+                      empty->toDecisionTreeFactor()));
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************* */
@@ -303,15 +305,18 @@ TEST(TableFactor, sum_max) {
   TableFactor f1(v0 & v1, "1 2  3 4  5 6");
 
   TableFactor expected(v1, "9 12");
-  TableFactor::shared_ptr actual = f1.sum(1);
+  auto actual = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TableFactor>(f1.sum(1));
+  CHECK(actual);
   CHECK(assert_equal(expected, *actual, 1e-5));
 
   TableFactor expected2(v1, "5 6");
-  TableFactor::shared_ptr actual2 = f1.max(1);
+  auto actual2 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TableFactor>(f1.max(1));
+  CHECK(actual2);
   CHECK(assert_equal(expected2, *actual2));
 
   TableFactor f2(v1 & v0, "1 2  3 4  5 6");
-  TableFactor::shared_ptr actual22 = f2.sum(1);
+  auto actual22 = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<TableFactor>(f2.sum(1));
+  CHECK(actual22);
 }
 
 /* ************************************************************************* */
diff --git a/gtsam_unstable/discrete/Constraint.h b/gtsam_unstable/discrete/Constraint.h
index 71ed7647a..328fabbea 100644
--- a/gtsam_unstable/discrete/Constraint.h
+++ b/gtsam_unstable/discrete/Constraint.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ class GTSAM_UNSTABLE_EXPORT Constraint : public DiscreteFactor {
   /*
    * Ensure Arc-consistency by checking every possible value of domain j.
    * @param j domain to be checked
-   * @param (in/out) domains all domains, but only domains->at(j) will be checked.
+   * @param (in/out) domains all domains, but only domains->at(j) will be
+   * checked.
    * @return true if domains->at(j) was changed, false otherwise.
    */
   virtual bool ensureArcConsistency(Key j, Domains* domains) const = 0;
@@ -86,6 +87,31 @@ class GTSAM_UNSTABLE_EXPORT Constraint : public DiscreteFactor {
         this->operator*(df->toDecisionTreeFactor()));
   }
 
+  /// divide by DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr f (safely)
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr operator/(
+      const DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr& df) const override {
+    return this->toDecisionTreeFactor() / df;
+  }
+
+  /// Get the number of non-zero values contained in this factor.
+  uint64_t nrValues() const override { return 1; };
+
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr sum(size_t nrFrontals) const override {
+    return toDecisionTreeFactor().sum(nrFrontals);
+  }
+
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr sum(const Ordering& keys) const override {
+    return toDecisionTreeFactor().sum(keys);
+  }
+
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max(size_t nrFrontals) const override {
+    return toDecisionTreeFactor().max(nrFrontals);
+  }
+
+  DiscreteFactor::shared_ptr max(const Ordering& keys) const override {
+    return toDecisionTreeFactor().max(keys);
+  }
+
   /// @}
   /// @name Wrapper support
   /// @{
diff --git a/gtsam_unstable/discrete/Domain.h b/gtsam_unstable/discrete/Domain.h
index 23a566d24..6ce846201 100644
--- a/gtsam_unstable/discrete/Domain.h
+++ b/gtsam_unstable/discrete/Domain.h
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class GTSAM_UNSTABLE_EXPORT Domain : public Constraint {
   /// Erase a value, non const :-(
   void erase(size_t value) { values_.erase(value); }
 
-  size_t nrValues() const { return values_.size(); }
+  uint64_t nrValues() const override { return values_.size(); }
 
   bool isSingleton() const { return nrValues() == 1; }
 
diff --git a/gtsam_unstable/discrete/tests/testCSP.cpp b/gtsam_unstable/discrete/tests/testCSP.cpp
index 2b9a20ca6..6806bfe58 100644
--- a/gtsam_unstable/discrete/tests/testCSP.cpp
+++ b/gtsam_unstable/discrete/tests/testCSP.cpp
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ TEST(CSP, allInOne) {
   EXPECT_DOUBLES_EQUAL(1, csp(valid), 1e-9);
 
   // Just for fun, create the product and check it
-  DecisionTreeFactor product = csp.product();
+  DecisionTreeFactor product = csp.product()->toDecisionTreeFactor();
   // product.dot("product");
   DecisionTreeFactor expectedProduct(ID & AZ & UT, "0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0");
   EXPECT(assert_equal(expectedProduct, product));
diff --git a/gtsam_unstable/discrete/tests/testScheduler.cpp b/gtsam_unstable/discrete/tests/testScheduler.cpp
index f868abb5e..5f9b7f287 100644
--- a/gtsam_unstable/discrete/tests/testScheduler.cpp
+++ b/gtsam_unstable/discrete/tests/testScheduler.cpp
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ TEST(schedulingExample, test) {
   EXPECT(assert_equal(expected, (DiscreteFactorGraph)s));
 
   // Do brute force product and output that to file
-  DecisionTreeFactor product = s.product();
+  DecisionTreeFactor product = s.product()->toDecisionTreeFactor();
   // product.dot("scheduling", false);
 
   // Do exact inference