Add intensities to LocalTrajectoryBuilder3D. (#1766)

Disabled by default.

Signed-off-by: Wolfgang Hess <whess@lyft.com>

cartographer/mapping/internal/3d/local_trajectory_builder_3d.cc

@@ -82,12 +82,15 @@ std::unique_ptr<transform::Rigid3d> LocalTrajectoryBuilder3D::ScanMatch(
 
   transform::Rigid3d pose_observation_in_submap;
   ceres::Solver::Summary summary;
+  const auto* high_resolution_intensity_hybrid_grid =
+      options_.use_intensities()
+          ? &matching_submap->high_resolution_intensity_hybrid_grid()
+          : nullptr;
   ceres_scan_matcher_->Match(
       (matching_submap->local_pose().inverse() * pose_prediction).translation(),
-      initial_ceres_pose,
+      initial_ceres_pose, {{&high_resolution_point_cloud_in_tracking,
-      {{&high_resolution_point_cloud_in_tracking,
                             &matching_submap->high_resolution_hybrid_grid(),
-        /*intensity_hybrid_grid=*/nullptr},
+                            high_resolution_intensity_hybrid_grid},
                            {&low_resolution_point_cloud_in_tracking,
                             &matching_submap->low_resolution_hybrid_grid(),
                             /*intensity_hybrid_grid=*/nullptr}},
@@ -119,7 +122,6 @@ void LocalTrajectoryBuilder3D::AddImuData(const sensor::ImuData& imu_data) {
     initial_imu_data.push_back(sensor::FromProto(imu));
   }
   initial_imu_data.push_back(imu_data);
-
   extrapolator_ = mapping::PoseExtrapolatorInterface::CreateWithImuData(
       options_.pose_extrapolator_options(), initial_imu_data, initial_poses);
 }
@@ -128,6 +130,12 @@ std::unique_ptr<LocalTrajectoryBuilder3D::MatchingResult>
 LocalTrajectoryBuilder3D::AddRangeData(
     const std::string& sensor_id,
     const sensor::TimedPointCloudData& unsynchronized_data) {
+  if (options_.use_intensities()) {
+    CHECK_EQ(unsynchronized_data.ranges.size(),
+             unsynchronized_data.intensities.size())
+        << "Passed point cloud has inconsistent number of intensities and "
+           "ranges.";
+  }
   auto synchronized_data =
       range_data_collator_.AddRangeData(sensor_id, unsynchronized_data);
   if (synchronized_data.ranges.empty()) {
@@ -198,7 +206,14 @@ LocalTrajectoryBuilder3D::AddRangeData(
   hits_poses.push_back(extrapolation_result.current_pose.cast<float>());
   CHECK_EQ(hits_poses.size(), hit_times.size());
 
-  sensor::RangeData accumulated_range_data;
+  const size_t max_possible_number_of_accumulated_points = hit_times.size();
+  std::vector<sensor::RangefinderPoint> accumulated_points;
+  std::vector<float> accumulated_intensities;
+  accumulated_points.reserve(max_possible_number_of_accumulated_points);
+  if (options_.use_intensities()) {
+    accumulated_intensities.reserve(max_possible_number_of_accumulated_points);
+  }
+  sensor::PointCloud misses;
   std::vector<transform::Rigid3f>::const_iterator hits_poses_it =
       hits_poses.begin();
   for (const auto& point_cloud_origin_data :
@@ -212,13 +227,17 @@ LocalTrajectoryBuilder3D::AddRangeData(
       const float range = delta.norm();
       if (range >= options_.min_range()) {
         if (range <= options_.max_range()) {
-          accumulated_range_data.returns.push_back(
+          accumulated_points.push_back(sensor::RangefinderPoint{hit_in_local});
-              sensor::RangefinderPoint{hit_in_local});
+          if (options_.use_intensities()) {
+            accumulated_intensities.push_back(hit.intensity);
+          }
         } else {
           // We insert a ray cropped to 'max_range' as a miss for hits beyond
           // the maximum range. This way the free space up to the maximum range
           // will be updated.
-          accumulated_range_data.misses.push_back(sensor::RangefinderPoint{
+          // TODO(wohe): since `misses` are not used anywhere in 3D, consider
+          // removing `misses` from `range_data` and/or everywhere in 3D.
+          misses.push_back(sensor::RangefinderPoint{
               origin_in_local + options_.max_range() / range * delta});
         }
       }
@@ -226,6 +245,8 @@ LocalTrajectoryBuilder3D::AddRangeData(
     }
   }
   CHECK(std::next(hits_poses_it) == hits_poses.end());
+  const sensor::PointCloud returns(std::move(accumulated_points),
+                                   std::move(accumulated_intensities));
 
   const common::Time current_sensor_time = synchronized_data.time;
   absl::optional<common::Duration> sensor_duration;
@@ -238,10 +259,8 @@ LocalTrajectoryBuilder3D::AddRangeData(
   const auto voxel_filter_start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   const sensor::RangeData filtered_range_data = {
       extrapolation_result.current_pose.translation().cast<float>(),
-      sensor::VoxelFilter(accumulated_range_data.returns,
+      sensor::VoxelFilter(returns, options_.voxel_filter_size()),
-                          options_.voxel_filter_size()),
+      sensor::VoxelFilter(misses, options_.voxel_filter_size())};
-      sensor::VoxelFilter(accumulated_range_data.misses,
-                          options_.voxel_filter_size())};
   const auto voxel_filter_stop = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
   const auto voxel_filter_duration = voxel_filter_stop - voxel_filter_start;
 

cartographer/mapping/internal/3d/local_trajectory_builder_3d_test.cc

@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ class LocalTrajectoryBuilderTest : public ::testing::Test {
               intensity_threshold = 100.0,
             },
           },
+
+          use_intensities = false,
         }
         )text");
     return mapping::CreateLocalTrajectoryBuilderOptions3D(

cartographer/mapping/internal/3d/local_trajectory_builder_options_3d.cc

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ proto::LocalTrajectoryBuilderOptions3D CreateLocalTrajectoryBuilderOptions3D(
       parameter_dictionary->GetInt("rotational_histogram_size"));
   *options.mutable_submaps_options() = CreateSubmapsOptions3D(
       parameter_dictionary->GetDictionary("submaps").get());
+  options.set_use_intensities(parameter_dictionary->GetBool("use_intensities"));
   return options;
 }
 

cartographer/mapping/proto/local_trajectory_builder_options_3d.proto

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import "cartographer/sensor/proto/adaptive_voxel_filter_options.proto";
 import "cartographer/sensor/proto/sensor.proto";
 import "cartographer/transform/proto/timestamped_transform.proto";
 
-// NEXT ID: 21
+// NEXT ID: 22
 message LocalTrajectoryBuilderOptions3D {
   // Rangefinder points outside these ranges will be dropped.
   float min_range = 1;
@@ -73,4 +73,7 @@ message LocalTrajectoryBuilderOptions3D {
   repeated sensor.proto.ImuData initial_imu_data = 20;
 
   SubmapsOptions3D submaps_options = 8;
+
+  // Whether to use Lidar intensities in Ceres Scan Matcher.
+  bool use_intensities = 21;
 }

configuration_files/trajectory_builder_3d.lua

@@ -44,6 +44,11 @@ TRAJECTORY_BUILDER_3D = {
   ceres_scan_matcher = {
     occupied_space_weight_0 = 1.,
     occupied_space_weight_1 = 6.,
+    intensity_cost_function_options_0 = {
+        weight = 0.5,
+        huber_scale = 0.3,
+        intensity_threshold = INTENSITY_THRESHOLD,
+    },
     translation_weight = 5.,
     rotation_weight = 4e2,
     only_optimize_yaw = false,
@@ -100,4 +105,9 @@ TRAJECTORY_BUILDER_3D = {
       intensity_threshold = INTENSITY_THRESHOLD,
     },
   },
+
+  -- When setting use_intensites to true, the intensity_cost_function_options_0
+  -- parameter in ceres_scan_matcher has to be set up as well or otherwise
+  -- CeresScanMatcher will CHECK-fail.
+  use_intensities = false,
 }